演讲总是由脑力与口才搭配，能力也在模型训练与心态成长中逐渐得到提升，不必过分追求完美，当你成为一个人物的时候一切也将走向成熟。

good morning everybody
that was an inspiring video
i come from new york to teach you
and as you probably know new york is the
beijing of the united states
and i like to think that columbia is the beda
of the united states it's a university that has produced
many leaders in some ways it's the conscience of the country
it's a place where we try to think about the highest ideals
and how to maintain them
and so it's appropriate
because that's the topic i'm here to talk to you about today
which is how to lead
what leadership consists of
how to lead even
at your level where you may not be a ceo
you may not be the founder of a company yet
but you're part of an organization and you can play a role
as a leader
and you're part of a country and you can play a role
as a leader even though you're one of many
so the way that we're going to spend this particular session
the next three hours
is i'm going to try to break down for you some concepts
that are familiar to you and that you use all the time i'm sure
but that have a somewhat cloudy meaning that we
may we may talk about being a leader
we may talk about leadership
but what do we actually mean by it
if we can get a little bit clearer
about what we mean by these concepts
we can do them a little bit better
and we can help other people do them a little bit better
all right
we're going to start with this idea of being an inspiring leader
what does it mean to be a leader
when we ask people all around the world to nominate
people either
alive or dead who were inspiring leaders
who changed the lives of the people
that they came into contact with
a very diverse set of individuals
get nominated
you have
perhaps not too surprising
business leaders like steve jobs
warren buffett
you have political leaders
like angela merkel
like george washington
and you even have
intellectual leaders thought leaders
like socrates
like confucius these are people who
changed the course of history
and changed the life goals of the people
who came into contact with their ideas
now it may seem that in this group of
outstanding individuals that there is nothing in common
what does oprah have in common with gandhi
what does jack welch have in common with joan of arc
it's a little bit hard to say
but i think leadership is not an eternal mystery
it's not just a cloudy concept without a meaning
that if we work together as a group
and we draw on our experiences
we can get clearer
about what it means to be an inspiring leader
we can make it concrete
so that we can come away from this session
with an understanding of how to do it
at a concrete level
what are the behaviors that you should do
in order to be an inspiring leader
what are the behaviors that you should avoid in order
to avoid being the opposite
which is a leader that frustrates people
a leader that gives people a sense of injustice
a leader
that makes people want to run in the opposite direction
rather than following them
so i'm going to ask you
to think about your own experiences with leaders
and this may be the person you report to in your current job
or it may be the professor
who got you interested in the topic that you went on to study
it might be the coach on a sports team
who
helped you understand what it means
to set goals and to be disciplined
and to work hard for something to achieve it
i want you to think about your experiences with leaders
and i want you
to write down on a sheet of paper in a single sentence
a concrete behavior
that one of these leaders did
that made you and the other people around feel inspired that
made you want to follow that
made you energize that
made you want to work harder and be your best self
and then i also want you to think about
a different leader a different experience
something that somebody did as a leader
that made you and other people feel infuriated
you felt it was unfair
you felt that this
was not a person that you respected it was not a person
that you wanted to emulate it was not a person
that you wanted to follow
so
take twenty seconds and just jot down as specifically as you can
a behavior
that caused inspiration or a behavior that caused in justice
and then i'm
going to ask you to raise your hands and i'm going to call
on a few of you
to share your insight with the group
so that we can collectively work towards a better understanding
of this somewhat nebulous concept
i see some of you writing and some of you just
thinking or perhaps
paralyzed by the bad memories of an unfair leader
but try to get beyond that and just write down an idea
and then we'll share
when you start to think about the bad memory and particular
it may be tempting to write a whole novel about it
but i ask you to be restrained
and just write down a single phrase about a single behavior
all right
i'm going to now ask if some people are willing to share
their insight
about a behavior by a leader
that caused people to feel inspired
and to be quick about this i'll just ask you
raise your hand and if i call on you just stand up and
shout it out as loudly as you can so people can hear it
and by sharing this
this is an act of leadership on your part
this is you acting as a leader
to help everybody get the most out of this session
so do i have any volunteers
people who are willing to share their idea
all right we have a leader we have a leader in the room

ok so you you want to be the
they said that you should be the grandson first
then the grandfather
so it sounds like this leader is trying to
teach you how to first be a follower
so that you can go on to be a leader
which is a way that a leader can invest in you
and show a long term interest in you
so
some other people may have similar examples of a leader
almost acting like a parent and giving them life advice
so that in the long run they can grow
thank you

you have to be a leader you have to be a follower before
you can be a leader you have to be a mente before
you can be a mentor you have to be a grandson before
you can be a grandfather
other people willing to share
with the group other people willing to be a leader
maybe someone from a different part of the room here we go
and in the corner

so
you're sharing an example of something that made you infuriated
right and they said that they'll just replace you if you
don't do it the way they like
so that's a great example in some ways it's exactly the opposite
the behavior that was inspiring
which is i'm investing you in the long term
the opposite that is saying
do what i say or i will replace you right now
so i'm not investing in you at all all i care about is
you giving me the performance needed right now
okay so we've had two great examples of an inspiring behavior
and an infuriating behavior i believe
your hand was up right in the orange
thank you for sharing with us

ok well
this is um
this is a really moving story
and a really
unfortunate event i'm sorry that you experienced that
but the worst thing to experience from a leader
is being unfairly blamed
unfairly blame because the leader is trying to protect
himself narrowly and
willing to impose an unfair cost on you in order to
cover his own reputation
so that's the opposite of a generous leader it's a leader who
we like to see leaders
who share the credit for a good thing
but who take the blame for a bad thing
that's the mark of a generous leader
what about some more examples are there people
we've heard from the front row
how about
along the sides or in the back anybody willing to share with us
an example of an experience they had you will learn more
the more you relate this to your own experience

thank you very much
those are great
examples i mean one thing
you may notice that a lot of athletes
olympic athletes and other athletes
go on to become leaders
even after their athletic career is over
so what is it that inspires us about athletes
i think one of the things that inspires us is that
they don't just talk about leadership they have to do it and
they do it in public
and we can watch them they can be examples to us
so the volleyball team was an example and many other
chinese sports teams followed in their path to olympic glory
so that's a really important part of being a leader now
your other story and i want to say when you volunteer a story
you don't need to have a good story and a bad story i'm just
mostly interested in hearing the good stories right now
and then we'll turn to the bad stories
but the story that you had about the leader
who penalized you for
investing in yourself by getting more education
i think that's a great example not only because it's ungenerous
but it's short sighted
you know one thing we want from a leader is that a leader
is thinking about the long term
and can understand
the bigger meaning the larger picture
and if the leader is focused on
just this week's goals
and can't see beyond them and can't see the value
of investing in the long term
that's not an inspiring leader
that's a short sighted leader it's not a leader with vision
other stories other examples great right there
mike is coming to you right now behind you

well that's a great story at least there's justice in the end
that the manager got fired
but i think we can all hear from your voice
that you're a talented radio broadcaster
so clearly it was the wrong decision and again
this is the opposite of a generous leader
and it's the opposite of a farsighted leader it's a leader
who lets his his or her own
you know personal issues his own his or her own
personal conflicts
getting the way of what's good for the organization
and what's good for the customers
so again an uninspiring leader
and one who led a very talented group of people to quit
the organization
so the organization lost its talent
any other stories before we come to a conclusion okay
i'm going to come to you in the back first
because we want to hear from people from the back
and then i'm going to come i think your hand was next
and then i'll come to you so we have three
next three people lined up

i was surprised by that story because
usually a leader cannot promise a wife
but it seems this leader was very
considerate about all aspects of life
and was able to make it happen
for you
all right the next person i believe was over here
are you still willing to shareand then we come to you and then we come to you actually
maybe we'll come to him first
just for the reasons of the microphone
and then we come to you okay

great story so the boss stuck to the promise
of if you are acting independent
you will succeed okay
come to you and then you are next you are next

it's a great story about a leader who
cares about the whole person
not just about today's task
but about
the person that you're going to become and investing in you

that's a great story about the kind of thing
that a leader might think
is to their advantage in the short term
but it creates a sense of unfairness
a sense of cynicism very widespread in the organization
and it's corrosive
so we want a leader who lives up to the values that the leader
announces are going to be the values for the firm
not a leader who opportunistically rewards people who've
cheated or gotten the goal done in a way that's not
showing integrity
so we've heard a lot of great stories
and i'm going to call on you from time to time today
because you will learn more actively
if you're hearing stories from your peers
if you're participating then if you're just listening
and all of you who share stories
are exemplifying what we're trying to learn today
which is being a leader
even though you may not be the person on stage
acting as a leader to help move the classroom forward
now the story is different
but i think there were some common themes
i think there were some similarities between the stories
and i think there were even some common threads
between the stories about what was inspiring
and the stories about what was infuriating because
the absence of the qualities that are inspiring
tends to be what's infuriating
so what are these qualities
the qualities that tend to emerge
when i'm playing this game
not only here in china
but in new york and in many other parts of the world
and when i'm doing it with journalists
managers entrepreneurs politicians
it doesn't really matter these same
core traits of leadership tend to emerge
the first cluster of ideas that tend to emerge
is the difference between leaders who are far sighted
and short sighted
the leader who was thinking about
who do you want to be in your life in ten years
and how can i help you get
there as opposed to the leader who only wants to know
about how quickly can you do the task today
or i'm going to replace you
that's the difference between being farsighted and shortsighted
when people are far sighted
when they see the big picture
and they help you see how your work
is contributing to something larger
and contributing to your personal goals over the long term
that adds meaning to your life that adds meaning to your work
it's the kind of thing
that would lead you to stay working for somebody
for eighteen years
because you see that the task you're doing
are contributing to something larger
and contributing to your self development
it's all very important to be critically minded
and to look for flaws in the plan
and to be aware of potential problems in the business
but to be inspiring a leader can't always share
doubts and reservations and complaints
a leader has to be optimistic
a leader has to be like a prophet
who can tell the people at a dark moment
i see the promised land
it's going to be a difficult few days ahead of us
but if we can get over this mountain
we're going to come to a beautiful place
so a leader sometimes has to keep silent
about their doubts about their complaints
and
be optimistic and encourage other people to push forward
now another aspect of leadership besides this dimension of being
far sighted and visionary
is the idea that a leader
shouldn't just be able to talk
a leader should be able to do the things
that the leader is asking you to do
a leader should lead by example
the players on the volleyball team
inspired you so much that you still talk about them today
because they performed they performed under pressure
on the world's stage
and with enthusiasm and that stays with you
even if you're not going to be a volleyball player
so we like a leader who has a track record we like a leader
who has skills we like a leader who's competent and capable
we like a leader who upholds the values that they talk about
even under duress
even if it's a time when the organization needs a lot of sales
if somebody is getting sales done in a way
that is not consistent with higher ethics
it's something that's not in the long term
interest of the organization
and it's something that a good leader will not reward
the next cluster
is the one that you probably talked about the most
which is the difference between a selfish leader
who
protects his or her own reputation at the cost of other people
who blames people unfairly for things
that aren't really nobody's fault
as opposed to a leader who's empowering
who gives opportunities who shares the credit
who attends to other people's life goals who sits down with you
and asks who do you want to be in ten years
and how can your work here help you turn into that person
so these are three clusters
if you do all three of these things
you will be a leader who inspires other people
if you fail to do these things
you will be a leader who infuriates other people
i'm going to refer to these as being a visionary
being an exemplar
and being a mentor
i'm going to show you some examples of leaders
who you can think of as arch types of each of these qualities
and hopefully
this will make the concept even clearer in your mind
and i'm going to give you mostly examples
from my country
but i'll try to relate them to some chinese examples as well
so an example of a visionary
we often cite the example of martin luther king jr
who was the leader of a social movement he was a young man
he did not have any political power
he did not have economic power
but he had a gift of eloquence
and he had a gift of courage
and he led a civil rights movement inspired by
gandhi and some other people
that not only got other african americans to mobilize
and fight for the cause
but convinced many white americans and many asian americans
many americans of all type to join the cause
if i had to give a chinese example
of something that corresponds to the you know
i have a dream speech
i might think of a critical moment
early on in the communist party of china
when
they were holed up
in this southeast
and the army of
shanghai shek was
encircling them
and
they had military advisors from russia
people europeans who were trained in military theory
and those military advisors were telling them
to do things that were not working
and that had led to repeated losses
and they were telling them you need to go
you need to go east
you need to go east towards the coast
because there are
another pocket of communists that we can join up with there
but a young man with a local accent
stood up and told them that they were wrong
even though he didn't have
a degree in military theory like they had
and that young man was mao of course
and he spoke up with clarity
with conviction
with eloquence and he said no
we have to do the counterintuitive thing
we have to go west we have to go deeper and deeper
into the countryside
and that became the long march
and it took a lot of charisma it took a lot of conviction
to convince people
to march into the deep countryside
because most of the communist party were
urban intellectuals they were people like yourself they had
no knowledge of the countryside they didn't
have a natural affinity for it
so that's an example of somebody with vision
somebody who can see past the present crisis
who can see a solution
even though that solution is going to take some time
some other examples of visionary leaders
from the president moment
i don't know how much american politics registers in china
but we have an election coming up
we have a current president who's not very popular
and so in the opposing party
we now have about twelve candidates
all of whom are quite good in some respects
we have joe biden who used to work with my friend obama
but joe biden is nearly eighty years old and he's got a lot of
traditional ideas that are not particularly new
and some of the younger candidates
i would say are real visionaries
and their visionaries in different ways so elizabeth warren
has a very good chance of being our next president
and she's a woman
who's a law professor
a university professor
and until her mid forties
she was a republican
she was raised as a republican
which is the right party the party that trump is a part of
and she had a conversion experience
because she studiedhousing bankruptcies
she did an academic study of housing bankruptcies
and she realized that the system is unfair
and that wall street bankers
after a crisis don't go to jail
and don't have a lot of penalties
but these ordinary americans
these middle class and lower middle class americans
they lose the house
that they've been making payments on for twenty years
that they hoped to pass on to their children
because they miss a couple of payments
so she had a conversion experience
and she realized
that capitalism needs to have more
restraints in order to be a fair system
and she's extremely clear in explaining this
and it's a message that terrifies
the wall street bankers
of the united states because she's absolutely clear
she says things like
there's nobody in this country who got rich on their own
they got rich
using the streets that all of us made they got rich
going to the schools that all of us pay for
they got rich receiving the health care
that we all contribute to
so she is bringing a more socialist idea to capitalism
and in a very visionary way
now another younger candidate whose newer arrived on the scene
but rapidly increasing in popularity
is andrew yang
he was a technology executive
he would not be out of place
in this technology park where we are
and he thinks about the problems
that are affecting my country so one of the
problems of our country
one of the reasons that donald trump got elected is that
the manufacturing has moved out of
our country a lot of it has moved to your country
and to other parts of the world
which is good for the world and creates value overall
but it means that there are large pockets
of my country the midwest
that used to be a manufacturing center
that now have high unemployment and social problems
associated with it
and andrew yang has decided
that the solution to that a radical solution
is to have a guaranteed minimum income
it's an idea that some economists have developed
and he's
calculated that we could tax
amazon google
facebook these fantastically profitable technology companies
that are based in the united states and that
make money all around the world
we could tax them a relatively small amount of their
profits and we could with that money
put a thousand dollars a month in the hands of every american
even americans with jobs
and he thinks that this would create a trickle up economy
that you would have more money being spent locally
in all these communities
and you would have
people who are stuck in a bad job
that doesn't use all of their potential
would have the opportunity to go to school
and improve themselves
and take up on a bigger job that contributes more to society
so it's a radically different way of thinking
but he's articulating it very well
he's also pointing out that
the life expectancy in our country
has been dropping for the past five years
in part because of the social problems associated with
the industrialization
so he has some
healthcare policies that are specifically
targeting these problems
he's thinking outside of the box he's thinking in a way that
previous politicians haven't thought
and to me that makes him a visionary it makes him inspiring